Add the vegetables and lentils. Add the onion, celery, carrots, potatoes, rinsed red lentils, oregano, basil, thyme, sage and bay leaves to the slow cooker.
Add the stock and cook. Pour in the vegetable stock and Worcestershire sauce, then stir everything together. Cover and cook on medium for 3 hours, or until the lentils are soft and the vegetables are tender.
Add the kale. Stir in the chopped kale for the final 15 minutes of cooking, allowing it to soften in the hot soup. Remove the bay leaves.
Blend and finish. Transfer about one-third of the soup to a blender and blend until smooth. Stir it back into the slow cooker to thicken the broth while keeping plenty of vegetables intact. Add the vinegar or lemon juice, then taste and adjust the seasoning.
Serve. Divide the soup between bowls and finish with the chopped parsley, a drizzle of olive oil and grated Parmesan.